But there were eight samples — mostly from the U.S. — that contained high levels of arsenic. These results, however, were not reported in September when the agency released initial findings after TV’s Dr. Oz claimed apple juice had high levels of of the toxic metal. The FDA said at the the time, they were waiting to confirm the levels in these samples.

“I’m pleased to see the FDA is taking this seriously,” said ABC News’ chief health and medical editor Dr. Richard Besser. “I wish they had been more forthcoming with their findings in September. Clearly there needs to be more testing. Their sampling so far indicates the problem is as great or greater with apple juice produced in the United States. Thankfully, the number of samples with elevated levels is small, still less than 5 percent.”

The FDA also said the arsenic they found was mostly inorganic, although they initially said in September that the arsenic in the juice samples was mostly organic. Inorganic arsenic is the form of the metal that can be toxic to humans. The agency also announced it increased its monitoring of arsenic levels in apple juice and continues to collect samples for analysis. In addition, the FDA also said it’s working on establishing guidance for manufacturers, meaning it will declare what level of arsenic is considered safe and if juicemakers don’t meet that standard, the FDA can take action against them.

The FDA made this announcement in a letter to two consumer advocacy groups — Empire State Consumer Project and Food & Water Watch, which both urged the FDA to take action after testing it commissioned found levels of arsenic in apple juice samples to be five times higher than what’s allowed in drinking water. “It’s a good step, and we’re encouraged they’re putting out these data,” said Patty Lovera, assistant director of Food & Water Watch. “I’m not fully reassured they’re setting up a guidance level, and I want to see them making more progress toward that.”

Research by Dr. Oz and his team found similarly high levels of arsenic in a number of juice samples, and after he took his findings to the air, the FDA and other scientists criticized him for “irresponsible” claims. He later went head-to-head with Besser on “Good Morning America” and said he believes s it’s safe to drink apple juice now, but has concerns over the long run. Despite his concern over the FDA’s release of data, Besser said he still believes apple juice is safe to drink.

“As a pediatrician, I recommend that children not drink more than one or two cups of any fruit juice per day,” he said. “As long as parents keep to this level of consumption, the current level of contamination should not pose a health risk.”

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Deaths from TB also fell globally to its lowest level in a decade, to 1.4 million in 2010, after peaking at 1.8 million in 2003. However, efforts to combat multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) are underfunded, and the overall fight against TB is facing a $1 billion shortfall in 2012, the report said.

“Fewer people are dying of tuberculosis, and fewer are falling ill. This is major progress. But it is no cause for complacency,” said a statement by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon. “Too many millions still develop TB each year, and too many die. I urge serious and sustained support for TB prevention and care, especially for the world’s poorest and most vulnerable people.”

The latest WHO report revised down its global TB figures from the past several years after consulting improved data on TB mortality and getting updates from 96 countries from 2009 to 2011. Accordingly, the “absolute number of TB cases has been falling since 2006 (rather than rising slowly as indicated in previous global reports),” said the report. Progress over the past decade has been notable in Kenya and Tanzania, where TB cases have dropped following a peak linked to the HIV epidemic. Going back further, the report pointed to major improvement since 1990 in Brazil, which has seen “a significant and sustained decline.”

In China, TB deaths fell from 216,000 in 1990 to 55,000 in 2010 and TB prevalence was halved, from 215 cases to 108 cases per 100,000 people. “In many countries, strong leadership and domestic financing, with robust donor support, has started to make a real difference in the fight against TB,” said WHO’s Director-General Margaret Chan.

“The challenge now is to build on that commitment, to increase the global effort — and to pay particular attention to the growing threat of multidrug-resistant TB.” The number of people treated for MDR-TB reached 46,000 in 2010, but that represented only 16 percent of the total estimated number of patients who needed treatment, the report said. “Of the US $1 billion gap reported by countries for 2012, US $200 million is for the MDR-TB response,” added the report.

Drug-resistant TB is caused by bacteria that do not respond to the standard six-month treatment with the most effective anti-TB drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin, the report said. Instead, patients may be treated for up to two years with less potent drugs that cost more.

During the same period, deaths from breast cancer rose from 250,000 a year to 425,000 a year — a much slower increase, suggesting that screening and treatment programs now common in wealthier countries are having a positive impact. The number of cervical cancer cases rose from 378,000 cases in 1980 to 454,000 in 2010, and deaths from cervical cancer rose at almost the same pace as cases, according to the study published in The Lancet medical journal on Thursday.

“Women in high-income countries like the United States and the United Kingdom are benefiting from early cancer screenings, drug therapies, and vaccines,” said Rafael Lozano, a professor of global health at IHME who worked on the study. “We are seeing the burden of breast and cervical cancer shifting to low-income countries in Africa and Asia.” He said this was one of the early signs of the emerging threat of so-called non-communicable or chronic diseases, in developing countries. “Everyone has been talking about that threat. Now the trend is clear,” he said.

The study found that since 1980, new cases and deaths from cervical cancer have increased mainly in south and east Asia, Latin America, and Africa, but have declined substantially in high-income countries, particularly in countries where widespread screening is available. However, the disease still killed 200,000 women around the world in 2010, of whom 46,000 were from developing countries and were of reproductive age.

The researchers said the findings added urgency to calls from public health experts to world leaders to make cancer screening, treatment, and education a priority in poor nations. The United Nations is holding a high-level meeting dedicated to chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, lung disease and diabetes in New York on September 19-20.

“If more women are developing breast and cervical cancer during their reproductive years, this adds more pressure on families and societies already suffering from high rates of infectious disease and child mortality,” said Mohammad Forouzanfar of the IHME, who led the study. Breast and cervical screening programs have been in place in many rich countries for several decades, designed to catch cancers early and maximize the potential for effective treatment.

Many effective breast cancer treatments are also available to women in the rich world. More recently, national immunization programs using new vaccines from drugmakers Merck and GlaxoSmithKline have been launched to protect girls from the human papillomavirus (HPV) that causes almost all cervical cancers. Partly as a result of these rich-world benefits, the study found that while in 1980, 65 percent of all breast cancer cases were in developed countries, by 2010, that share had shrunk to less than half. Some poorer countries saw a rise in breast cancer cases of more than 7.5 percent a year over the 30 year period studied — more than twice the global rate.

The risk of cervical cancer is much higher in developing countries than in developed ones. Overall, 76 percent of new cervical cancer cases are in developing regions. Sub-Saharan Africa has 22 percent of all cervical cancer cases worldwide.

The benefit and possible harm of folate is “definitely still an open question,” said study author Todd Gibson, from the National Cancer Institute in Rockville, Maryland. But, he said, “there seems to be an association between people who report higher folate with those people who have a lower risk of colorectal cancer.”

In the late 1990s, the U.S. and Canadian governments began requiring that folic acid (a synthetic form of folate) be added to grain products in order to prevent some birth defects that had been linked to low folate levels in pregnant women.

While previous studies have generally suggested that a diet rich in folate decreases the risk of colorectal cancer as well, most of those were done before fortification started, Gibson said. To see if the government mandate affected that link, the researchers used data from a diet survey started in 1995 that included more than 500,000 middle-aged and older U.S. adults.

At the start of the study, participants filled out a questionnaire about their normal eating habits and any supplements they took regularly. From that, the researchers were able to calculate how much folate they got on a typical day before and after fortification started. For the next ten years or so, they tracked cancer registries to see which participants were diagnosed with colorectal cancer. They found a total of about 7,200 cases in their original sample, including about 6,500 that were diagnosed after the start of the fortification program.

People who ate the highest amount of folate each day (at least 900 micrograms post-fortification) were 30 percent less likely to get colorectal cancer than those who got less than 200 micrograms each day, the researchers reported in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That was after taking into account weight, smoking, physical activity, and certain other aspects of diet. Still, Gibson said that the findings can’t prove that increased folate drove the cancer benefits, because “people who report high levels of folate tend to be healthy in other ways,” possibly including some the researchers didn’t record.

The recommended daily allowance for folate is 400 micrograms for most adults and 600 micrograms for pregnant women. Along with fortified cereals and other grains, vegetables and beans are good sources of folate, a type of B vitamin. As a result of fortification, the average person’s folate intake through foods increased by about 100 micrograms. Gibson’s study did not find any upticks in cancer rates at folate levels far above that recommended daily allowance.

Concern over the possibility that too much folate could raise cancer risk had mostly come from studies in animals, said Dr. Young-In Kim, a nutrition and cancer researcher from the University of Toronto. Those studies suggested that “in normal tissues, giving folate or folic acid can ensure DNA replicates and cells are grown properly,” he explained. “But once cells are pre-cancerous, giving folate can increase the progression of these cancer cells.”

In other words, it’s possible that if someone already had cell changes that are precursors of colorectal cancer, too much folate could make the cancer grow faster. The current findings, he told Reuters Health, are “reassuring” that fortifying grains with folate did not seem to lead to a spike in colorectal cancers. However, Kim added, “there’s still a concern that those taking really high levels of folic acid (in supplements) may be detrimental.”

Gibson agreed that the new report doesn’t close the door on that possibility, especially because some cancers take many years to develop. More studies will have to look at the risk of colorectal cancer over longer periods of time, he said. But, so far “we don’t see any evidence of increased risk,” he added. To be safe, Kim said that people who do have colon cancer should not take extra folate, and that others shouldn’t see any need to overdo it.

“If people take 400 micrograms a day, I think that’s going to be sufficient to meet your health benefits from folate,” he said. Based on the current study, “people don’t need to change their current activities” with respect to folate, Gibson said. “Most people are getting what is considered the adequate amount.”

At least six people were known to have had contact with the sick animal and Queensland health officials said they were working to determine how many others could have been exposed at the popular tourist site. “I would like to reassure any tourists or visitors to the property over the weekend that transmission of the virus requires close contact with body fluids of the sick horse,” said Queensland health chief Jeannette Young.

“Queensland Health staff will continue to undertake contact tracing work to ensure all people potentially exposed to the sick horse have been identified. Anyone who had visited the ranch since last Thursday and had concerns were urged to call the public health hotline, she said.

“Queensland Health stands ready to provide any assistance, counselling, information, testing or treatment that may be required,” added Young. At least 48 people have been exposed to Hendra in the past month in an outbreak which has spread from Cairns to within 500 kilometres (300 miles) of Sydney, worrying the city’s thoroughbred race trainers.

No humans have yet been infected. Hendra has killed four of the seven people who have contracted it since it was first identified 1994, but Young stressed that infections were rare.

“While there is an increase in the number of infections this year, I would stress that this is still a rare disease and these are discrete incidents,” she said. Named after the Brisbane suburb in which it was discovered, Hendra is thought to be unique to Australia and is spread from infected bats via half-chewed fruit or water and food contaminated by their urine and droppings.